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Swabs

Isolation and identification of Campylobacter species from diagnostic samples.

Check out our Microbiology page for helpful collection and interpretation information.

Bovine | Canine | Feline | Equine | Caprine | Porcine | Wildlife Exotic | Other

Send intestinal or fecal samples on ice pack overnight in a leak proof container. Fluid samples from reproductive sites must be submitted in a specific transport media and arrive at the lab no longer than 24-hours after collection.

Modified Cary-Blair or other fecal transport media may be used for fecal submissions.

For isolation of Campylobacter from reproductive sites, collection and proper transport is essential for isolation by culture. Weybridge transport media is recommended and is available for purchase from the Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Madison, WI. Telephone 608-262-5432. Ask for the media specialist. Allow sufficient time (3-5 working days) for delivery. Refer to abortion submission recommendations if Campylobacter is suspected.

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing is not performed on Campylobacter species at NDSU-VDL.

This assay differentiates select Campylobacter fetus subspecies from culture submissions by targeting DNA fragments of the nahE gene from C. fetus and a portion of the ISCfe-1 gene from the bacterium C. fetus subsp. venerealis, the agent of bovine genital campylobacteriosis (vibrio).

Note: If submitting a preputial washing for both Tritrichomonas and C. venerealis testing, samples cannot be pooled for either test as there is not enough processed specimen for individual testing if positive.

Bovine | Other

Send on cold pack/ice in sterile leak-proof container within 24 hours. To ensure inclusion in the test run, samples should arrive the day prior to test day.

Culture to confirm PCR positive results is recommended. For other Campylobacter species see Campylobacter species (PCR). Plastic tubes are preferred. If blood tubes are used, must be red top without serum separator gel or anticoagulant.

This assay targets a portion of cj0414 oxidoreductase gene from C. jejuni.

Bovine | Canine | Feline | Equine | Ovine | Caprine | Porcine | Wildlife Exotic | Other

To ensure inclusion in the test run, samples should arrive the day prior to test day.

Detection of canine coronavirus by fluorescent antibody (FA) testing.

Canine

Detection of canine distemper virus by fluorescent antibody (FA) testing.

Canine

EDTA whole blood (1 ml minimum); Swabs (conjunctiva, oropharyngeal, rectal)

This targets the RNA of a portion of the N protein gene from the Canine distemper virus. Please be aware that this assay could detect vaccine strains if vaccination occurs within a few days or weeks of testing. This assay is available as part of the Canine Respiratory Panel.

*$40 for the first sample, $20 for an additional sample on the same animal.

Canine | Wildlife | Exotic | Other

To ensure inclusion in the test run, samples should arrive the day prior to test day. Submit swabs in sterile, redtop tubes (without additives) or other sterile screwcap containers to with a small amount of saline (enough to cover the fibrous head of the swab) to maintain moisture. Viral transport media and universal transport media are also acceptable. Gel, such as culturette media or the type found in serum separator tubes can inhibit PCR and should not be tested. Bacterial transport containers are not appropriate for PCR testing. If bacterial culture is also requested, please submit a second swab in the appropriate bacterial transport container.

Ocular swab

This assay targets the DNA of a portion of the glycoprotein B gene from Canine herpesvirus-1.

Canine

To ensure inclusion in the test run, samples should arrive the day prior to test day. Submit swabs in sterile, redtop tubes (without additives) or other sterile screwcap containers to with a small amount of saline (enough to cover the fibrous head of the swab) to maintain moisture. Viral transport media and universal transport media are also acceptable. Gel, such as culturette media or the type found in serum separator tubes, can inhibit PCR and should not be tested. Bacterial transport containers are not appropriate for PCR testing. If bacterial culture is also requested, please submit a second swab in the appropriate bacterial transport container. CHV-1 PCR testing should be focused on neonatal puppies, where the virus can cause fatal hepatic and renal necrosis. Adult dogs are susceptible to CHV-1, but the infection is usually asymptomatic or subclinical. Due to the potential for reactivation of a latent infection, CHV-1 PCR should be used as a tool for confirmation of a clinical diagnosis.

Detection of canine parvovirus 2 by fluorescent antibody (FA) testing.

Canine

Does not react with canine parvovirus type 1.

Canine: Lung, liver, spleen, kidney, heart | Feline: Cerebellum

This assay targets the DNA of a portion of theVP2 gene from Canine parvovirus-2 and Feline panleukopenia virus. This assay cannot differentiate CPV-2 and FPLV.

Canine | Feline

To ensure inclusion in the test run, samples should arrive the day prior to test day.

The virus is usually only detectable in the feces for up to 2 weeks after infection.

This assay targets the RNA of a portion of the matrix gene of the Influenza A virus, and N protein gene from the canine distemper virus. Please be aware that this assay could detect vaccine strains if vaccination occurs within a few days or weeks of testing.

Canine

To ensure inclusion in the test run, samples should arrive the day prior to test day.

Panel includes canine influenza A virus (all known types), canine distemper virus, and aerobic culture for bacterial respiratory pathogens (Bordetella spp., Streptococcus spp., Mycoplasma spp., etc).

Heparin or EDTA whole blood/plasma- minimum of 0.5 ml

This snap test kit detects Dirofilaria immitis antigen, antibody to Anaplasma phagocytophilum, antibody to A. platys, antibody to Borrelia burgdorferi, antibody to Ehrlichia canis, and antibody to E. ewingii using the IDEXX snap test kit.

Canine

Submit samples on ice.

Assay is only validated/approved for canine samples. Other species can be tested but a disclaimer will be applied to the results. This test method is not affected by hemolysis or lipemia.

Slides (charged/adhesive)

Immunohistochemistry for CD117 labels the transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor located in hematopoietic stem cells, melanocytes, mast cells, Cajal cells, germ cells, basal cells of skin and mammary ductal epithelia.

Canine | Feline

In cold weather, add 1 part ethanol to 9 parts 10% buffered formalin to prevent freezing during transit.

CD20 is expressed primarily on B-cells but has also been detected on both normal and neoplastic T-cells.

Canine | Feline

In cold weather, add 1 part ethanol to 9 parts 10% buffered formalin to prevent freezing during transit.

Slides (charged/adhesive)

Identification of CD3 (T cell) markers by immunohistochemistry using anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (clone LN10).

Canine | Feline

In cold weather, add 1 part ethanol to 9 parts 10% buffered formalin to prevent freezing during transit.

Slides (charged/adhesive)

Identification of CD79a (B cell) markers by immunohistochemistry using anti-CD79a monoclonal antibody (clone HM57).

Canine | Feline

In cold weather, add 1 part ethanol to 9 parts 10% buffered formalin to prevent freezing during transit.

Vaginal swab, Tissue (synovium, placenta, fetal organs)

This assay targets the DNA of a portion of the 23S rRNA gene from bacterial Chlamydiae species C. abortus (previously C. psittaci), C. pecorum (previously C. psittaci serotype 2), and C. psittaci.

Ovine | Caprine | Wildlife Exotic | Other

To ensure inclusion in the test run, samples should arrive the day prior to test day.

Submit swabs in sterile, redtop tubes (without additives) or other sterile screwcap containers to with a small amount of saline (enough to cover the fibrous head of the swab) to maintain moisture. Viral transport media and universal transport media are also acceptable. Gel, such as culturette media or the type found in serum separator tubes, can inhibit PCR and should not be tested. Bacterial transport containers are not appropriate for PCR testing. If bacterial culture is also requested, please submit a second swab in the appropriate bacterial transport container.

Tonsil scraping, swab

This is a NAHLN assay; approval to conduct surveillance testing is based upon satisfactory completion of the yearly proficiency test. Please contact your local/state veterinarian before submitting samples to the NDSU-VDL. Specific foreign animal disease investigation (FADI) and collection procedures must be followed before the test can be performed.

Porcine

Samples must be received by 11:00 am of the test day to ensure the reported turn around time.

Detection of Clostridium chauvoei by fluorescent antibody (FA) testing.

EDTA whole blood (1 ml minimum)

This assay targets the DNA of a portion of the flagellin (fliC) gene from the bacterium Clostridium haemolyticum.

Please note that the bacterium is not widely spread throughout the liver and is concentrated at the infarct. Therefore, for best results, it is important to submit a section of liver that includes the infarct.

Bovine | Equine | Ovine | Porcine | Wildlife Exotic | Other

To ensure inclusion in the test run, samples should arrive the day prior to test day.

Antibiotic treatment may interfere with PCR detection.

Detection of Clostridium novyi by fluorescent antibody (FA) testing.

This assay targets the DNA of the toxin genes cpa (α-toxin), cpb (β-toxin), etx (ε-toxin), itxA (ι-toxin), and cpe (enterotoxin) from the bacterium Clostridium perfringens.

Bovine | Canine | Equine | Ovine | Porcine

To ensure inclusion in the test run, samples should arrive the day prior to test day.

Isolation and identification of Clostridium perfringens from diagnostic samples. An enteric culture is required for C. perfringens requests. Cost of the enteric panel is included the price of the C. perfringens panel.

Bovine | Canine | Feline | Equine | Caprine | Porcine | Wildlife Exotic | Other

Send samples on ice pack in a sterile, leak-proof container. Overnight or 2 day shipping for samples is recommended.

Check out our Microbiology page for helpful collection and interpretation information.

Detection of Clostridium septicum by fluorescent antibody (FA) testing.

Detection of Paeniclostridium sordellii (formerly Clostridium sordellii) by fluorescent antibody (FA) testing.

Quantitation of copper by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES).

Samples must be received 2:00 pm Wednesday for inclusion in the Thursday test run.

Slides (charged/adhesive)

Dectection of Cryptosporidium species by modified acid-fast stain.

Bovine | Canine | Feline | Equine | Ovine | Caprine | Porcine | Wildlife Exotic | Other

Determination of cyanide potential by ion-selective electrode (ISE).

Feed Forage

Seal in plastic bag and ship in cardboard box. Do NOT send frozen. Samples chopped, frosted, frozen or crimped may give off cyanide for several days, and analysis may not reflect accurate cyanide potential. Overnight or next-day delivery of samples preferred.

Slides (charged/adhesive)

Immunohistochemistry using multi-cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) polyclonal antibodies.

Canine | Feline

In cold weather, add 1 part ethanol to 9 parts 10% buffered formalin to prevent freezing during transit.

Slides prepared from fine needle aspirates, swabs, impression smears, and scrapings.

Slides prepared from fluid samples (synovial, peritoneal, thoracic, pericardial, bursal in EDTA and sterile serum tube (RTT)).

No coverslips.

CYTOLOGY REFERRAL TEST: Cytology is referred to Zoetis using the Zoetis VETSCAN IMAGYST^TM. Board-certified clinical pathologists at Zoetis will evaluate cytologic slides.

If more than two slides per site are submitted, the two slides with the most sample will be used.

Cytologic samples may be collected by swabbing, scraping, and/or aspirating the lesion. Cytologic smears should be prepared immediately after collection and air dried.

Bovine | Canine | Feline | Equine | Ovine | Caprine | Porcine | Wildlife Exotic | Other

Submit slides in a protective slide case holder.

SUBMIT SLIDES ONLY. More than four slides or more than two collection sites will incur additional cytology testing fees ($80).

Blood smear slides, no cover slips.

Requires submission of complete blood count plus other relevant clinical data. This data should be sent to lab with the submission form or emailed to ndsu.vetlab@ndsu.edu.Please make a note on submission form if emailing clinical data.

CYTOLOGY REFERRAL TEST: Cytology is referred to Zoetis using the Zoetis VETSCAN IMAGYST^TM. Board-certified clinical pathologists at Zoetis will evaluate blood smear slides, along with other relevant clinical data. If more than two slides per site are submitted, the two slides with the most sample will be used.

Bovine | Canine | Feline | Equine | Ovine | Caprine | Porcine | wildlife | exotic | other

Submit slides in a protective slide case holder.

See the video “AI Blood Smear: Do’s and Don’ts” by Zoetis on how to prepare blood smears: https://www.vetscanimagyst.com/resources#how-to-videos