NDVDL Toxicology Services

:: Toxicology Procedures Available & Price List

Procedure Fee per Sample^*
(in State) Fee per Sample^*
(out State)

1080 (Sodium fluoroacetate) Call for info Call for info.

Aflatoxin $25 $30

Cholinesterase $20 $24

Copper (serum) $20 $24

Cyanide (forage) $20 $24

Dicumarol (forage and liver) $30 $36

Fumonisin $25 $30

Fusaric Acid CURRENTLY UNAVAILABLE $25 $30

Heavy Metals (Arsenic, Bismuth, Antimony) $25 $30

Lead (blood) $20 $24

Lead (tissues) $20 $24

Copper and Zinc $20 $24

Mycotoxin Screen (aflatoxin, fumonisin, vomitoxin, 14 Trichothecenes, zearalenone/zearalenol) $75 $90

Nitrate (Forage, water) $20 $24

Ochratoxin CURRENTLY UNAVAILABLE $25 $30

Phytoestrogen $60 $72

Rumen pH
-

-

Salt $20 $24

Sodium $20 $24

Strychnine $20 $24

Sulfate (Hach test for Water)
-

-

Trichothecenes (Vomitoxin, 14 Trichothecenes, zearalenone/zearalenol) $50 $60

Total Dissolved Solids (water) $20 $24

Vomitoxin $25 $30

*All fees subject to change, amounts listed are in US$

Please note: All weights listed are the desired amount. If not enough sample is present, please call or email to confirm testing ability. The weight of feeds is based on dried and ground samples. Please send more sample when appropriate.

Questions or Comments?
Please contact:

DeAnne Iverson
North Dakota State University
Van Es Hall- P.O. Box 5406
Fargo, ND 58105
Ph#: (701) 231-8309
Fax#: (701) 231-7514
Email:DeAnne.Iverson@ndsu.nodak.edu

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:: Procedure Analysis Information

:: 1080 (Sodium fluoroacetate)

Analysis: At least 20 grams of sample are needed. Kidney, stomach contents, or liver samples are analyzed for Sodium flouroacetate. The analysis is performed on a GC/MS as described in Capillary Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric Determination of Sodium flouroacetate Residues in Animal Tissues, Casper et. al: J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. (Vol. 68, No. 4, 1985). The naturally occurring 1080 levels are based on the difference between the radio label count and GC/MS findings.

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:: Aflatoxin

Analysis: 500 grams of sample required, Cannot be performed on silage, haylage, etc.. Feed samples are ground and extracted with Acetonitrile/Water. The extract is cleaned and derivatized. The sample is then run by HPLC. The limit of quantitation is 0.02 ppm (20 ppb) Aflatoxin B1.
Detailed Analysis Information.

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:: Cholinesterase

Analysis: Procedure is performed on 5 ml EDTA or heparinized blood or whole brains. The brain is entirely homogenized and a portion is added to a pH 8 phosphate buffer. Acetylthiocholine iodide (ATCI) and dithiobisnitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) are added. The enzyme hydrolyzes and releases thiocholine. The thiocholine reacts with DTNB producing a yellow color that is measured at 412.0 nm on a UV/VIS spectrophotometer. The blood analysis is performed similarly.

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:: Copper (serum)

Analysis: 2 ml of serum is required to perform test. Copper is analyzed in serum with a
atomic-absorption spectrophotometer. A quality control serum is run as well.

:: Copper and Zinc (tissues)

Analysis: 10 grams of kidney or liver is needed. The sample undergoes acid digestion and is reduced. The sample is then diluted with double distilled water and analyzed by atomic-absorption spectroscopy.

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:: Cyanide

Analysis: 50 grams of representative forage is required. An emulsion/electrode assay is performed on the forage sample.

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:: Dicumarol

Analysis: Send at least 50 grams liver or 500 grams forage. The forage sample is dried overnight, then ground, where as the liver sample is homogenized. The dicumarin is extracted in 1,2 dicholorethane through refluxing. The sample is cleaned using an acid-base cleanup. The final extract is evaporated and then dissolved in dichloromethane. TLC plating is used to determine qualitatively if dicumarin is present, and a scanning UV/Vis spectrophotometer is used to determine quantitation.

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:: Fumonisin

Analysis: 25 grams of sample required for testing and it is not performed on haylage, silage, etc. The sample is extracted with Acetonitrile/Water and hydrolyzed with potassium hydroxide (KOH). Ethyl Acetate is used to extract the hydrolyzed fumonisin from the KOH, it is dried down and dissolved in Acetonitrile/Water with Zearalenone added as an internal standard. The sample is derivatized with o-Phtyaldialdehyde (OPA) and run through fluorescence detection on a HPLC.
Detailed Analysis Information.

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:: Fusaric Acid {CURRENTLY UNAVAILABLE}

Analysis: 10 grams of sample is required. The sample is extracted with 1% KH2PO4/Methanol and back extracted to dichloromethane (MDC). After shaking, the supernate is discarded and the MDC is evaporated. The sample is derivatized and an internal standard is added. The sample is then run on a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer.

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:: Heavy Metals

Analysis: 20 grams of kidney, liver or 10 grams of feed are required. The sample is homogenized and put into an acid solution. A copper coil wound on a glass rod is inserted into sample and heated. The coils are then rinsed and examined for deposits. The heavy metal is then identified with solubility tests. Arsenic dissolves in 10% potassium cyanide, Bismuth in 20% Nitric Acid, and Antimony will not be removed by either. Positive samples are sent to a referral lab for confirmation.

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:: Lead (Blood)

Analysis: 10 ml of whole blood is required. Analysis cannot be performed on blood with EDTA. First, the sample is diluted with distilled water. Triton X-100, 2% Ammonium prrolidine dithiocarbamate, and Methyl iso butyl ketone are added and mixed. The sample is then subjected to analysis by atomic-absorption spectroscopy.

:: Lead (Tissues)

Analysis: 20 grams of tissue is needed. The sample undergoes acid digestion and is reduced. The sample is then diluted with double distilled water and analyzed by atomic-absorption spectroscopy.

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:: Multi Mycotoxin Screen

Mycotoxins are produced by molds and found a variety of commodities, depending upon the source of the toxin. This screen is done in three parts. The trichothecenes portion analyzes the TMS derivatives of Deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 Tetraol, Fusarenone-X, 3-Acetyl DON, 15-Acetyl DON, Diacetoxyscripenol (DAS), T-2 Triol, T-2 toxin, Iso T-2 toxin, Scirpentriol, Nivalenol, 15-Acet-Scirpentriol, Neosolaniol, HT-2 toxin, Acetyl T-2, Zearalenol, and Zearalenone. The second is analysis of Aflatoxins, and the third is
Fumonisins.

Analysis: At least 500 grams of sample is needed for the three portions. Aflatoxin and Fumonisin analysis cannot be performed on forages. Feed samples are dried if necessary, ground, and extracted with Acetonitrile/Water. The sample is then filtered and dried. The residue is derivatized and an internal standard is added. The product is then analyzed by GC/MS for the trich. screen, and HPLC for the Aflatoxins and Fumonisins.
Detailed Analysis Information.

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:: Nitrate (Forage and Water)

Forage Analysis: 500 grams of sample are required. The sample is dried and an initial spot test is performed to determine if nitrates are present in the forage. A portion of the sample is sprinkled on a large watch glass. Several drops of Diphenylamine reagent is added and the sample is shaken gently. Excess feed is discarded and the watch glass inverted to determine extent of the blue color within 1-2 minutes.
The sample turns blue if nitrates are present. If positive, an extracting solution consisting of Al2(SO4):14 H2O, KNO3, and preservative is added to the dried and ground sample. The sample is shaken, and a control sample is run with each batch. The sample is tested by electrode analysis. A series of standards are run first, and the concentration is
calculated based on the standard curve, after correction due to extracting solution.

Water Analysis: 50 ml of sample needed. A Hach NitraVer 5R Nitrate test is used. The reagent is added to a known amount of liquid and shaken. After waiting about 2 more minutes, the color is matched to the color on the cube to obtain mg/l of Nitrate as Nitrogen.

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:: Ochratoxin {CURRENTLY UNAVAILABLE, samples may be sent to referral laboratory }

Analysis: 25 grams of sample is needed, analysis not performed on haylage, silage, etc. The sample is extracted with acidified chloroform, and then defatted with Hexane. The sample is then run by HPLC using fluorescence detection.

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:: Phytoestrogen

Analysis: 25 grams are needed. The sample is dried and finely ground. Water is added to a known amount of sample to rehydrate it. The sample is extracted with hydrochloric acid and ethanol and heated to boiling. It is then cooled and filtered. The filtrate is diluted and ran through a C18 Sep-pak cartridge, where it is rinsed and then eluted with methanol/water. The eluent is evaporated, then hydrochloric acid and chloroform are added. The chloroform layer is evaporated and then dissolved in methanol/water. The sample is then run by HPLC analysis. It is analyzed for Diadzein, genistein, formononitin, coumistrol, and biochanin A.

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:: Rumen pH

Analysis: 50 grams of rumen content needed. The rumen content is diluted with double distilled water if necessary. An electrode is then placed in the rumen content and stirred. Most rumen pH will remain stable for several hours after death, and indefinitely if frozen.

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:: Salt

Analysis: 100 grams of feed is needed. The salt is extracted from the feed with water and analyzed by atomic-absorption spectroscopy.

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:: Sodium

Analysis: 10 grams of brain is needed. The sample undergoes acid digestion and is reduced. The sample is then diluted with double distilled water and analyzed by atomic-absorption spectroscopy.

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:: Strychnine

Analysis: 50 grams of stomach contents, bait, or liver required. The strychnine is extracted from sample with sulfuric acid and chloroform after shaking. The sample is filtered and ammonium hydroxide and chloroform is added to the aqueous filtrate. The samples are shaken again, and filtered so only the chloroform phase passes through. The chloroform phase is evaporated and dissolved in chloroform, where it is then applied to TLC plate. If the plate is positive, a corner of the band is spotted with Mandelin reagent.
The yellow reagent will turn purple if positive for alkaloids and nitrogenous bases. If it is positive by Mandelin's reagent the sample is run by UV/VIS spectroscopy.

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:: Sulfate

Analysis: 50 ml of sample needed. Test usually only performed if Total Dissolved Solids greater than 2000 ppm . Samples are run with a series of standards. An aliquot of sample is used which will give a solution of 30-100 ppm Sulfates when diluted with dd water. The contents of 1 SulfaVerR reagent is added to sample and vortexed. The resulting turbid solutions are read at 620nm on the UV/VIS spectrophotometer.

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:: Trichothecenes

Analysis: 500 grams of feed required. Test is identical to the Mulitmycotoxin Analysis except Aflatoxin and Fumonisin testing are not performed.
Detailed Analysis Information.

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:: Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)

Analysis: 60 ml of sample needed. The filtered sample is pipetted into a weighed beaker. The sample is evaporated in an oven at about 100oC. The sample is allowed to cool, and the beaker is again weighed. Results are reported to the nearest 100 ppm. If the TDS is greater than 2000 ppm, a sulfate analysis is usually performed.

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:: Vomitoxin

Analysis: 20 grams of sample required. All tests are run with three quality control pools. The sample is extracted with Acetonitrile/Water while shaking. The sample is filtered and the eluent is evaporated. A mixture of TMSI-TMCS is added to derivatize the sample. Internal standard is added and the sample is run by gas chromatography.

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